Several amalgamations. Mining operations began in 1836 under the Cornwall Great United Mines banner but were met with little success. It reopened around 1844 as Phoenix Mine, absorbing West Phoenix Mine in 1875 to operate as Phoenix United. Most of the waste dumps, including engine houses, were cleared upon closure, except for the complex of buildings surrounding the Prince of Wales Shaft.

Notable minerals found include coeruleolactite, listed alongside references for the Planerite-Turquoise Series. Situated on Bodmin Moor’s flank beyond Caradon Hill’s crest, Phoenix Mine contrasts with South Caradon as much of its surrounding country rock has eroded, exposing granite at the surface. Despite early struggles and name changes, a significant copper lode discovery in 1852 led to a decade of high output comparable to South Caradon. However, production sharply declined thereafter.

An understanding of hypogene deposition, confirmed by findings at Dolcoath Mine where copper transitioned to tin at the granite-country rock boundary, prompted speculation of tin reserves at Phoenix. William West, a mining engineer, took a gamble by acquiring a controlling share in the mine, which proved lucrative. Within a year, the workforce tripled, and in 1877, the mine reached peak tin ore production of 34,000 tons. Production continued for another two decades.

In 1907, construction began on the Prince of Wales Shaft and its impressive engine house, but it proved to be a financial disaster. Despite reaching a depth of 200 fathoms, only 95 tons of black tin were produced over seven years. Tin ore typically yields 1-2% cassiterite, or ‘black tin.’ From 1853 to 1913, approximately 16,500 tons of black tin were produced from this group of mines.

Considering the volume of waste rock removed to access shafts, adits, and barren ground, the total excavated material could easily surpass half a million tons or more, explaining the extensive waste tips. While little surface evidence remains, buddles, leats, and reservoirs can still be found downslope from the tips.

1836-1838 185 -1897 1907-1914