Llangynog

aka New Llangynog or Chirk Castle


Lead Mine

Worked from 1692 to 1869

Jan 1st, 2024 from Cambrian by Buddle-Bot

Feb 18th, 2025 by BertyBasset



North Wales
Llangynog
52.8197823, -3.4045529
SJ 0545 2562
Private Land
240m
70,000t
#516


Main vein strikes east-west, forming a geological boundary between metamorphic rock to the south and igneous rock to the north. On the western side, the vein splits into two branches. Mineralisation includes galena with gangue materials such as slate, igneous rock, quartz, and copper carbonates.

The workings consist of four levels, six shafts, and several level trials located on the top of the hill at SJ 0548 2559. The earliest workings are believed to be marked by open cuts at SJ 0532 2558, near the top of the quarry. Some shaft-mound trials can also be observed in a field immediately west of the former dressing floors at SJ 0510 2550.

The mine relied on water power, with leats running from the watershed to the west to supply Llyn Y Mynydd (SJ 0080 2510), a reservoir that fed additional leats traversing the hillside and leading down to the dressing floors. Two more storage reservoirs were situated on the dressing floors at SJ 0550 2560. A pumping and crushing waterwheel pit once existed at the dressing floors but has since been infilled.

The foundations of the 1871 engine and boiler house are still visible in an overgrown area near the road at SJ 0498 2565, along with the base of the associated chimney.

Much of the processing infrastructure has been destroyed by recent quarrying for roadstone. The only surviving evidence on the dressing floors consists of two poorly preserved round buddles, which are at risk of being lost due to ongoing small-scale stone removal.

A notable feature above the quarry is an 18th-century magazine (SJ 0554 2566). This structure consists of two concentric walls, a single doorway, and windows. A small tree growing between the walls on the western side may eventually cause its collapse.

Nearby, several local buildings are historically linked to the mine. Ty Newydd (SJ 0526 2555), dating to 1708, was once used as a mine manager’s office. To the north of Ty Newydd, the remains of workshops and storerooms (SJ 0525 2560) can still be found, though they are now in a ruined state.

Evidence of post-medieval bole hill smelting has been observed near the southern extent of the mine, close to Rock Level (SJ 0540 2553), where heavy ferrous vesicular slags have been found.



Ore originally discovered when a woman slipped on the hilside in the 17C. However, there is no room here for anything but brief history highlights of the Mine, find a copy of Bick as given in publication references.

Year Activity
1692 Lead discovered, associated with a granite outcrop later removed through quarrying.
1732 Flooding led to abandonment.
1790s Mine reopened.
1800 Flooding caused another closure.
1809 Drainage levels excavated.
1848 Full production resumed.
1850s Referred to as Chirk Castle Mine, shifting westward.
1852 Operated as Llangynog Mine.
1861 Llangynog Mining Company reported production.
1877 Site abandoned.
1890s Vielle Montagne Company explored but no large-scale mining resumed.
1910 Berwyn Granite Quarry opened, producing roadstone.
1956 Quarrying ceased.

By the time of the concerns in the following table, 10 times the amount of ore had already been raised. The table by Hall summarises more recent ore returns.

Company Years Tons of Ore
Llangynog 1845-49, 1861, 1864-71 2919
Chirk Castle 1852-1860 1448
Rhiwarth 1859-60, 1862 348
Llangynog United 1859-63 736
New Llangynog 1872-1880 1290


Publications (8)

  • (1922); BGS - Mineral Resources of GB (c1920s) Vol XXIII - Lead & Zinc: Pre-Carboniferous Shropshire & North Wales; 111 pages
  • Bick, D.E. (1991); Old Metal Mines of Mid-Wales, The; West Montgomeryshire, Aberdovey, Dinas Mawddwy & Llangynog - Part 5; pp. 25-32
  • Foster-Smith, J. R. (1978); Mines of Montgomeryshire and Radnorshire, The
  • Lewis, (1968); Cwm Orog Mine
  • Lewis, W. J. (2000); James Baker and the Pool Quay Smelthouse , The Montgomeryshire Collections : 88 : 25-35
  • Williams, C. J. & Bick, D. (1992); List of metalliferous mine sites of industrial archaeological importance
  • Williams, R. A. (1985); Old Mines of the Llangynog District, The
  • Wren, W. J. (1968); Tanat Valley, its railways and industrial archaeology, The





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